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In vitro bioactivity and corrosion resistance enhancement of Ti-6Al-4V by highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays

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Abstract

In the present study, the structural features, corrosion behavior, and in vitro bioactivity of TiO2 nanotubular arrays coated on Ti–6Al–4V (Ti64) alloy were investigated. For this reason, Ti64 plates were anodized in an ammonium fluoride electrolyte dissolved in a 90:10 ethylene glycol and water solvent mixture at room temperature under a constant potential of 60 V for 1 h. Subsequently, the anodized specimens were annealed in an argon gas furnace at 500 and 700 °C for 1.5 h with a heating and cooling rate of 5 °C min−1. From XRD analysis and Raman spectroscopy, a highly crystalline anatase phase with tetragonal symmetry was formed from the thermally induced crystallization at 500 °C. Besides, the Ti 2p3/2 and Ti 2p1/2 binding energies showed the presence of the Ti4+ oxidation state. According to the in vitro bioassay, the modified surface proved its outstanding capability in enhancing the bioactivity, where a thick layer of bone-like apatite was formed on the annealed TiO2 nanotube surface. In addition, the corrosion measurements indicated that the corrosion protection efficiency increased remarkably and reached 87% after annealing at 500 °C.

Surface modification of biomedical grade Ti64 alloy by the electrochemical anodization protocol.

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Abbreviations

–:

 Corrosion behavior and bioactivity of TiO2 nanotubes on Ti64 were investigated.

–:

 Themodified surface showed an outstanding capability in enhancing the bioactivity.

–:

 Corrosion protection efficiency increased remarkably after annealing at 500 °C.

–:

 Ti 2p3/2 and Ti 2p1/2 components confirmed the existence of Ti4+ state.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the University of Malaya for providing the necessary facilities and resources for this research. The authors are also grateful to Research Affairs of Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch for supporting this research.

Funding

This research was fully funded by the University of Malaya with the high impact research grant numbers of RP032C-15AET and PG081-2014B.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre of Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    M. Sarraf & A. R. Bushroa

  2. Centre of Advanced Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    M. Sarraf & N. L. Sukiman

  3. New Technologies Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    B. Nasiri-Tabrizi

  4. School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia

    A. Dabbagh

  5. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    A. Dabbagh

  6. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    N. H. Abu Kasim

  7. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    W. J. Basirun

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  1. M. Sarraf
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  2. N. L. Sukiman
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  4. B. Nasiri-Tabrizi
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Correspondence to A. R. Bushroa or B. Nasiri-Tabrizi.

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Sarraf, M., Sukiman, N.L., Bushroa, A.R. et al. In vitro bioactivity and corrosion resistance enhancement of Ti-6Al-4V by highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays. J Aust Ceram Soc 55, 187–200 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41779-018-0224-1

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